Git Tortoisegit settings

 Git Conflict resolve setting and Required tools

Download and Install :  Tortoisegit     https://tortoisegit.org/download/

Download and Install : KDiff3:  https://sourceforge.net/projects/kdiff3/files/latest/download

1.  "C:/Program Files/TortoiseGit/bin/TortoiseGitMerge.exe" -base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" -theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"

2. "C:/Program Files (x86)/KDiff3/kdiff3.exe" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"

Dot net Full Stack Interview Questions

 

Let's start with the C#.

Question: What is the difference between a struct and a class in C#?

Class and Struct both are the user defined data type but have some major difference:

Struct

• The struct is value type in C# and it inherits from System.Value Type.

• Struct is usually used for smaller amounts of data.

• Struct can’t be inherited to other type.

• A structure can't be abstract.

• No need to create object by new keyword.

• Do not have permission to create any default constructor.

Class

• The class is reference type in C# and it inherits from the System.Object Type.

• Classes are usually used for large amounts of data.

• Classes can be inherited to other class.

• A class can be abstract type.

• We can’t use an object of a class with using new keyword.

• We can create a default constructor.

1. What is the difference between value types and reference types in C#? Value types hold their data value directly in memory, while reference types hold a reference to the memory location where the data is stored.

1. What is an interface in C#? An interface is a contract that defines a set of methods and properties that a class must implement. It is a way to define a common set of functionality that can be shared among different classes.

Q. Can you explain about Abstract class what scenario we should use abstract class.? An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated directly and can only be used as a base class for other classes. It can contain both abstract and non-abstract members, and is typically used to define a common base of functionality that can be shared among multiple derived classes.

Here are some scenarios where an abstract class can be useful:

1. Creating a base class for a family of related classes: For example, if you are designing a game that has different types of characters (e.g., heroes, villains, non-playable characters), you can create an abstract class called Character that defines common properties and methods, such as health points, damage, and movement.

2. Defining a common set of behavior for derived classes: For example, if you are designing an application that works with different types of shapes (e.g., circles, rectangles, triangles), you can create an abstract class called Shape that defines common properties and methods, such as area and perimeter calculation.

3. Providing a partial implementation of a complex operation: For example, if you are designing a data access layer that works with different types of data sources (e.g., databases, web services, files), you can create an abstract class called DataAccess that defines common data access methods, such as open connection, execute query, and close connection.

When answering this question in an interview, you should explain the purpose of an abstract class and give some examples of when it might be useful. You can also mention the differences between abstract classes and interfaces, and explain why you might choose one over the other depending on the situation. It's important to provide clear and concise answers, and to demonstrate your understanding of the fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming in C#. Q. can we create privete method in abstract class?

Yes, we can create private methods in an abstract class in C#. Private methods are not visible outside of the class and cannot be accessed by derived classes, but they can be used to encapsulate common functionality that is shared by other methods in the same class.

Here's an example of an abstract class with a private method:

csharp
public abstract class Animal
{
    public abstract void MakeSound();

    private void Move()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The animal is moving.");
    }

    public void Eat()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The animal is eating.");
    }
}

In this example, the Animal class is an abstract class that has an abstract method MakeSound() and two non-abstract methods Move() and Eat(). The Move() method is private, which means it can only be accessed within the Animal class.

Note that private members cannot be accessed by derived classes, so if you want a derived class to use a private method in the base class, you can create a protected method that calls the private method. This way, the derived class can call the protected method, which will in turn call the private method in the base class.

csharp
public abstract class Animal
{
    public abstract void MakeSound();

    protected void Move()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The animal is moving.");
    }

    public void Eat()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("The animal is eating.");
    }
}

public class Dog : Animal
{
    public override void MakeSound()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Woof!");
        Move(); // calling the protected method in the base class
    }
}

In this example, the Animal class has a protected Move() method that calls the private Move() method, and the Dog class overrides the MakeSound() method to call the protected Move() method. This way, the Dog class can use the common functionality defined in the Move() method without directly accessing the private method in the Animal class

Q. What is enum and what is the use of enum in c#?

In C#, an enum is a value type that represents a set of named constants with underlying integer values. It is a way to define a set of related constants that can be used in a more expressive and type-safe way than using raw integer values.

Here is an example of defining an enum in C#:

java
enum DaysOfWeek
{
    Sunday = 0,
    Monday = 1,
    Tuesday = 2,
    Wednesday = 3,
    Thursday = 4,
    Friday = 5,
    Saturday = 6
}

In this example, we define an enum called DaysOfWeek that represents the days of the week. We assign integer values to each named constant, starting with 0 for Sunday and ending with 6 for Saturday. We can then use these named constants in our code to represent specific days of the week.

Here are some common use cases for enums in C#:

1. Representing a fixed set of values: Enums can be used to define a fixed set of values that are expected to be used in a specific context, such as days of the week, months of the year, or colors.

2. Improving code readability: Enums can be used to improve code readability by using meaningful names instead of raw integer values. This can make code easier to understand and maintain over time.

3. Type safety: Enums can be used to provide type safety when working with sets of related constants. By using enums, you can ensure that only valid values are used and prevent common coding errors, such as typos or incorrect values.

4. Switch statements: Enums can be used in switch statements to provide a concise and expressive way to handle different cases based on the values of an enum variable.

Overall, enums are a useful feature of C# that can help improve the readability and maintainability of your code. By defining a set of related constants with meaningful names, you can make your code easier to understand and less error-prone.

Question: What is the difference between ref and out keywords?

In C#, both ref and out are used for passing parameters to a method by reference, rather than by value. However, there is a subtle difference between the two keywords that is important to understand.

The main difference between ref and out is that ref assumes that the variable being passed to the method already has a value, while out assumes that the variable being passed to the method does not have a value and requires the method to assign a value to it.

Question: What is extension method in c# and how to use them?

In C#, an extension method is a static method that can be added to an existing class or interface, without modifying the source code of the original class or interface. Extension methods provide a way to extend the functionality of an existing type without creating a new derived type or modifying the existing type itself.

To define an extension method in C#, you need to follow these steps:

1. Create a static class and mark it with the static keyword.

java
public static class MyExtensions
{
    // Extension methods will be defined here.
}

2. Define a static method in the class that will be used as the extension method. The method must be marked with the this keyword and the type that it will extend.

csharp
public static void MyExtensionMethod(this string str)
{
    // The extension method code will be defined here.
}

In this example, we define an extension method called MyExtensionMethod that extends the string class. Note that the method is marked with the this keyword and the string type, which indicates that it is an extension method that extends the string type.

To use an extension method in your code, you simply need to call it as if it were a regular method on the extended type. For example:

java
string myString = "Hello, world!";
myString.MyExtensionMethod();

In this example, we create a string object and call the MyExtensionMethod extension method on it. The extension method can access and modify the properties and methods of the extended type, just like any other method.

Extension methods are a powerful feature of C# that can simplify your code and make it more expressive. They allow you to add new functionality to existing types without modifying their source code, which can be especially useful when working with third-party libraries or system types. However, it is important to use extension methods judiciously and avoid creating overly complex or confusing APIs.